Monitoring of rock stress change using instrumented rebar rock bolts

Abstract Rock stress is causing unwanted deformations of deep underground spaces. Large increase the risk failure. The excavation causes rock changes in surrounding mass, and resulting can be measured. In this paper, we present a method to monitor mass using rebar bolts instrumented with strain gauges track within bolt. Next that, describe in-situ testing heating-induced natural environment. heating experiment aims create rope heaters inserted into located symmetrically around single heat flux induced leads volume expansion. restricted thermal expansion an internal conditions. These conditions that measured back-calculated as change. bolt setup were installed Underground Research Laboratory granitic below Aalto University campus. demonstrates how could state. system used part real-time monitoring mining engineering projects. final paper describes positively affect geotechnical management overall safety construction.